What is Data Corruption?

An application consists of two components. The first is the Application file (normally an .exe file) and the other component is the data file(s). For example in case of MS Word, MSword.exe is the application file whereas the document that you are working on, say MyDoc.doc is the data file

The application file operates on the data file by reading/writing/ deleting the information from the data file. All the applications use specific file formats for saving/ retrieving data. These formats are proprietary to the application. Hence data file(s) of a particular application cannot be used with another application.
During the usage of any application, the application file always remains unchanged whereas the data file(s) keep on changing. Since the data file changes dynamically during the usage of application, it becomes more vulnerable towards any abnormality.

In case of any abnormality, it is the data files that get physically damaged whereas the application file remains intact. By physical damage of data file(s) we mean that either some contents of the data file(s) are lost or some junk contents are added to it, disturbing the original format of file. Since applications read/write data in specific format only, physical damage of data file(s) makes them unusable with the application.

In case of physical damage of data files(s), although the data file(s) are available physically containing the data, their format gets disturbed making it unusable with the relevant application. This is known as data corruption


Causes of Data Corruption

Why and how the data files get physically corrupted?
What are the conditions that lead to data corruption?
Given below are the common causes of data corruption:
1. Abnormal termination of program
2. Network problem
3. Media Failure/Problem
4. Virus Attack

Abnormal termination of program
If a program is terminated/closed in an improper manner (without saving/closing the data file(s) you were working on) then the data might get corrupted/lost.

Abnormal termination of program can occur due to the following reasons:
a. Power Failure
b. Hardware problem
c. Abnormal shutdown

Power Failure
Sudden power failure can terminate the application that you may be using at that time. Due to sudden termination of application, data can get corrupted

Precautionary Measure

Ensure that you have power backup to avoid data corruption due to power failure. You should have a UPS of sufficient capacity as power backup
Use good Antivirus Software (preferably an online antivirus scanner) and also have It updated regularly.

 

Adapted from Communication & Computers (2nd- 8th April 2007)

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